USACO競(jìng)賽考點(diǎn)有哪些？USACO競(jìng)賽如何練習(xí)沖鉑金？

USACO競(jìng)賽考點(diǎn)有哪些？USACO競(jìng)賽如何練習(xí)沖鉑金？近年來(lái)計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)業(yè)成為學(xué)生選擇最多的，尤其是人工智能，更是學(xué)生的新寵，USACO競(jìng)賽就是為后期打算申請(qǐng)計(jì)算機(jī)/AI智能等相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)所匹配的信息學(xué)競(jìng)賽。備考USACO競(jìng)賽重點(diǎn)哪些點(diǎn)？USACO競(jìng)賽學(xué)生該如何備考練習(xí)呢？

USACO是美國(guó)的計(jì)算機(jī)奧賽，是美國(guó)大學(xué)申請(qǐng)過(guò)程中含金量和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力都超高的一項(xiàng)信息學(xué)奧賽，USACO競(jìng)賽含金量不低于AMC。

USACO競(jìng)賽每年從 11 月到次年 4 月舉行四次。每一場(chǎng)月賽都會(huì)有四組比賽構(gòu)成，分別是銅組，銀組、金組和鉑金組，難度依次遞增。

USACO競(jìng)賽適合中學(xué)生參加，國(guó)內(nèi)最小接觸USACO競(jìng)賽的學(xué)生一般為5年級(jí)學(xué)生。

USACO競(jìng)賽分為青銅、白銀、黃金、鉑金四個(gè)級(jí)別，每個(gè)級(jí)別的考點(diǎn)和難度都不相同，學(xué)生需要一級(jí)一級(jí)的參加競(jìng)賽，最終打到鉑金級(jí)別。

參賽資格：注冊(cè)USACO賬號(hào)即為銅級(jí)。

難度等級(jí)：銅級(jí)考試以基本編程常識(shí)為主，要求至少會(huì)一種編程語(yǔ)言。銅級(jí)的編程限制時(shí)間還是夠用的，大部分初次參賽的選手都能在本次考試中晉級(jí)白銀級(jí)。

考點(diǎn)：

• Rectangle Geometry: Problems related to rectangles with sides parallel to the coordinate axes.

• Introduction to Data Structures: Basic concepts of a data structure such as (dynamic) arrays pairs, and tuples.

• Simulation: Simulating problem statements directly. Basic Complete Search, such as iterating through all pairs.

• Basics of Sorting: how to arrange collections in increasing order.

• Sets & Maps: How to maintain collections of distinctelements/key

  with sets and maps.

  Graphs-relatedterminology.

  How to visualize problems as graphs.

 

 

參賽資格：需要參加青銅比賽并晉級(jí)學(xué)生

難度等級(jí)：需要掌握編程中基本的問(wèn)題解決能力和簡(jiǎn)單算法（例如：貪心算法，遞歸搜索等），還需了解基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)。從這個(gè)級(jí)別開(kāi)始，學(xué)生就需要找更好的算法才能使程序在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)跑完。

考點(diǎn)：

• Prefix Sums: Introduction,Computingrange sum, Max subarray sum, and Prefix sums in two dimensions.

• Custom Comparators and Coordinate Compression: How to use a custom comparator to sort values in a non-default order or custom objects.

• Two Pointers: How to iterate two monotonic pointers to search for a pair of indices across an array satisfying some condition in linear time.

• Operations on Sorted Sets: How to use iterators with sets and find the next element smaller or larger than a specified key in a set.

• C++ Sets with Custom Comparators(optional),Greedy Algorithms with Sorting,and Binary Search.

• Graphs: Depth First Search(DFS),Flood Fill,Introduction to Tree Algorithms, and Functional Graphs

 

 

參賽資格：需要參加白銀比賽并晉級(jí)學(xué)生。

難度等級(jí)：需要掌握一定的算法基礎(chǔ)，理解一些抽象的方法（例：最短路徑，動(dòng)態(tài)規(guī)劃），并且對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)有比較深的了解。

考點(diǎn)：

Divisibility, Modular Arithmetic,Combinatorics, Introduction to DP, Breadth First Search(BFS),Disjoint Set Union,Shortest Paths with Non-Negative Edge Weights,SlidingWindowPoint Update Range Sum, etc.

 

 

參賽資格：要參加黃金比賽并晉級(jí)學(xué)生。

難度等級(jí)：需要有很高的編程基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)算法有深入的了解。部分比賽問(wèn)題最后的優(yōu)化方案，可能不只一個(gè)，得出的答案也不只一個(gè)。

考點(diǎn)：

• Range Queries and Segment Tree-It is believed that no Platinum contest is complete without range queries and a segment tree.

• Binary Jumping -Binary jumping, also known as binary lifting, is frequently asked in the Platinum contest.

• Advanced Computational Geometry-Advanced topics related to geometrical problemsline sweep, and several convex functions are covered here.

• Matrix Exponentiation -Learn about matrix square multiplication and linear transformation to find the dot product. Go through the example to understand how matrix exponentiation problems are solved.

• Types of Decomposition-Find in-depth knowledge about heavy, light, and centroid decomposition.